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Since Exam One:
The purpose of aesthetically coherent form in a work of art is to provide an effective vehicle for meaningful communication.
DRAWING
- is often a means to an end (a required step) in the production of something visual.
- It is the most common sketch medium (initial idea step ) in the visual arts.
- can also be an acceptable “finished art” medium.
When drawing, the artist can create different values by using media of varying degrees of hardness or softness such as 2B or 6B pencils, by using erasers, fingers, or implements to smear and blend the medium, or by applying various degrees of pressure.
When drawing on paper an artist can use the tooth (surface texture or grain) of the paper to create an overall pattern which can act to aesthetically unify a drawing.
PAINTING components are: pigment, binder, vehicle.
TERMS: size, prime, support, glaze, wash, impasto, fresco, gesso, ground, underpaint, overpaint, pointillism, chiaroscuro.
A primed canvas is a prepared support for painting which will have the proper absorbency and permanence for painting.
Artists react and respond to artistic creation of the past, recent scientific and technological discoveries, and current intellectual atmospheres.
New technical developments affect and influence the subject and form of painting.
The use of an oil binder in the fifteenth century slowed the drying time of paint and allowed the artist to utilize blending and glaze techniques.
The development of the flexible medium of oil paint allowed artists to use canvas as a support surface which made it easier to work large and transport their work.
The metal paint tube allowed artists to easily store and transport their paints. This enabled artists to paint on location, outdoors.
In a painterly approach to form, imagery is developed as masses of color or value rather than linear shapes.
Harmony and variety in art are similarities of elements and contrasts or differences of elements. They are used to achieve unity and interest in composition.
Symmetrical balance, informal balance, formal balance, asymmetrical balance.
Analysis of form in the criticism of art can assist in the discovery or interpretation of content and the evaluation of communication effectiveness.
The AIRBRUSH is device for applying liquid pigment in a fine pattern spray.
- The airbrush can produce illustration or retouch and alter photographs.
- The airbrush artist easily creates soft edge shapes, but may create hard edge shapes by selective masking.
- Airbrush work may be executed on many surfaces from fabric to three dimensional forms and can therefore apply decorative coatings to many products.
GRAPHIC COMPUTERS Image processing
Software: instructions which may be placed into a computer's memory to make it perform specific tasks. User friendly, menu driven software.
Hardware: cables, keyboards, disk drives, video cameras, printers, and digitizer pads.
Mouse: cursor movement, menu selection, icons, tools and options.
Graphic computers
- Execute repetitive tasks with great precision.
- Easily edit and revise existing imagery.
- Electronically file, store, search, and retrieve visual imagery.
Alter color on a graphic computer by its primary light components (Red, Green, Blue) or its three color properties (hue, value, saturation (chroma).
Complex animation and special effects are possible with graphic computers.
PRINTMAKING
An original print is a handmade multiple original printed by the artist or under the artist's supervision from plates, blocks, stones, or stencils made by, or in collaboration with, the artist. Printing is a method of making many copies of words or pictures by creating a plate that will transfer ink to paper. In all processes the plate must allow the image area to transfer ink. There are several methods of separating the image area (the inked image) area from the non-image area.
Relief process: wood cut, linoleum cut separates image from non-image by cutting away non-image areas and leaving the image areas raised. Image is inked because it is higher than non-image. Creates bold imagery, fine detail is difficult to achieve.
Intaglio process: prints from an incised image below the plate surface. Etching and engraving on metal plates - acid resist/mechanical engraving. Entire surface is inked which fills incised image. Surface is then wiped clean. Image is thus separated from non-image.
Engraving and etching are capable of producing very fine detail line work.
Planographic process: Lithography The printmaking technique which separates the ink carrying image from the non-image area on the plate by using the principle that oil and water repel each other. Imagery is often drawn with greasy pencil, Which can produce very broad and delicate value ranges.
Xerography (an electrostatic deposition of charged toner) is seeing increased use by artists as a creative production technique.
Serigraph (silkscreen) is a very popular technique. It use a stencil approach to separate image from, non-image.
A designation such as 6/50 at the bottom margin of a print indicates the number of the print and the number of prints in the edition. In this case, 49 other prints were produced..
Full color commercial printing uses four colors, cyan, magenta, yellow, black (CMYK).
A fine art reproduction is a photomechanical copy of an artwork. It is not a first generation image.
SCULPTURE
Additive, Subtractive, Substitutive (casting).
Artists react and respond to social climate, economic fortunes, religious and moral standards.
Plastic/Decorative, Mass/Volume.
When selecting a medium the artist may consider the desired aesthetic appearance, durability and permanence, cost and availability, facilities required, experience with the medium, time requirements.
There are advantages and disadvantages of 3-D art.
Advantages of creating three-dimensional art work include: 3-D artwork can be viewed from many positions and illusions are not necessary to depict plastic space. The “substance” or durability of most 3-D works makes them long lasting. The “presence” of sculpture has an aesthetic impact in that it physically shares three-dimensional space with the viewer.